【预习】初中英语语法《什么是被动语态》视频讲解+知识点+练习
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视频讲解
一、如何使用被动语态
学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
例 My bike was stolen last night.
2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)
学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。
1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。
例 My bike was stolen last night.
2. 借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。
例 I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should accept the offer.
3. 为了更好地安排句子。
例The well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. (一个主语就够了)
二、It is said that+从句及其它类似句型
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有：
It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )
一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“It+be+过去分词+that从句”或“主语+be+过去分词+to do sth.”。有：
It is said that… 据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。
例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. (=The boy is said to have passed the national exam. )
三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例 This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：The door won't lock. (指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable
1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。
例 This kind of cloth washes well.
注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。
试比较：The door won't lock. (指门本身有毛病)
The door won't be locked. (指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因)
2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。
例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢?
3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
例Your reason sounds reasonable
四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。
1. 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5. 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。
例There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。)
7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。
1. 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
例The house needs repairing(to be repaired).这房子需要修理。
2. 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
例The picture-book is well worth reading.(=The picture-book is very worthy to be read.)
3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
4. 在某些“形容词+不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。
例This problem is difficult to work out .(可看作to work out省略了for me).
5. 在too… to…结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。
例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6. 在there be…句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。
例There is no time to lose(to be lost).(用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。)
7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent,blame,let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
例 Who is to blame for starting the fire?
实战演练
1. Train tickets ____ online. It is convenient.
A. sold B. were sold C. are sold D. have sold
2. These cakes ____ with chocolate. Have one, please.
A. fill B. filled C. are filled D. were filled
3. Look at the picture. The top five TV plays ____ in it.
A. list B. are listed C. will list D. will be listed
4. Hangzhou ____ as the City of silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.
A. knows B. is known C. was known D. will be known
5. Emily is glad that she ___ for her honesty at that meeting.
A. praises B. praised C. is praised D. was praised
6.Stamps ___ by people for sending letters.
A. use B. using C. used D. are used
7. Chinese ___ by the largest number of people in the world.
A. speaks B. is speaking C. are speaking D. is spoken
8. English is a useful language. It ___ widely in the world.
A. is spoken B. was spoken C. can speak D. will speak
9.The fish ___ in the lake.
A. is looked after well B. are looked after well C. are looked the same D. are looked around
10.___ this kind of question often ___ in your class, Ann?
A. Does, ask B. Is, asked C. Has, asked D. Will, ask
11.The TV set ___ in Japan.
A. made B. makes C. is made
12.Yesterday a visitor ___ something about his hometown.
A. asked B. were asked C. was asked D. is asked
13.The Great Wall ___ by Chinese people two thousand years ago.
A. be built B. was built C. is built D. built
14.The League ___ in May, 1922.
A. found B. was found C. founded D. was founded
15.A lot of tall buildings ___ in our city last year.
A. are built B. was built C. were built D. can be built
16.The old men and the children ___ in our country.
A. must take good care B. must be taken good care of C. must take good care of D. must be taken good care
17.We will put a picture here. This map___ away.
A. must be taken B. must take C. takes
18.The radio ___ in two days.
A. can mend B. can be mend C. can be mended D. can mended
19.More "Great Green Walls" must ___ all over the world.
A. build B. are build C. be built D. be building
20.Alice is ill. She ___ to hospital at once.
A. is sent B. must be sent C. can send D. must send
21.The flowers ___ every day, or they'll die. A. must water B. should water C. can be watered D. must be watered
22.The bridge ___ in three weeks.
A. will build B. is built C. will be built
23.Football ______ everywhere in the world. A plays B is playing C. is played D. was played
24.The little boy ____ to the hospital at once. A. must send B. be must send C. be sent D. must be sent
25.The factory ___ seven years ago.
A. built B. was built C. were built D. can be built
26.This kind of TV set ___well.
A. is selling B. is sell C. is sold D. sells
27.The story ____ in Paris in the early twentieth century.
A. was happened B. took the place C. was broken out D. happened
28.English ____ in the school every morning.
A. is read B. is being read C. is reading D. reads
29.____French ___ in many countries today?
A. Does; speak B. Is; spoken C.Does; spoken D. Is; spoke
30.Don't worry about her. She ___ as soon as she gets here.
A. meets B. is met C. will be met D. will meet
31.Look! A new library ____ in our school.
A. is built B. is being built C. has built D. will meet
32.The food in the box ____ very delicious.
A. smells B. are smelt C. were smelt D. is being smelt
33.He was seen ____ into the building.
A. go B. goes C. going D. to go
34.The old men ____ here.
A. is taken good care of B. are taken good care C. have taken good care D. are taken good care of
35.All the lights ___ before we left the classroom..
A. had been turned off B. turned off C. have been turned off D. had turned off
36.He said another bridge ___ over the river next year.
A. will be built B. will build C. would be built D. would build
37.Yesterday Li Ming ____something about his family.
A. was asked B. asked C. was asking D. has been asked
38.Many kinds of new bicycles ____ in No.1 Machine Factory now.
A. are making B. are made C. have made D. will make
39.Football ____ all over the world.
A. is playing B. play C. plays D. is played
40.All the food ____ in the basket just now.
A. is putting B. are putting C. puts D. was put
41.That new TV set ___ in China.
A. made B. are made C. makes D. is made
42.Thousands of trees on the mountain ____ by the Young Pioneers last year.
A. planted B. was planted C. were planted D. had planted
43.A talk of Chinese history ____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give
44.About 500 cars ___ in the factory next month.
A. were produced B. will produce C. have been produced D. will be produced
45.This dictionary mustn't ___ from the library. A. take away B. taken away C. are taken away D. be taken away
参考答案
1-5 CCBBD
6-10 DDABB
11-15 CCBDC
16-20 BACCB
21-25 DCCDB
26-30DDABC
31-35 BADDA
36-40 AABDD
41-45 DCCDD
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