每日法律英语词条（15）：Restraining order

Restraining order is an order of a court in the form of an injunction that directs a party not to do a certain thing.

禁止令是法院以命令的形式指示当事人禁止做某事的命令。

Violation of a restraining order constitutes contempt of court and is punishable by a fine or imprisonment.Restraining orders can be issued to protect individuals against violence, abuse, or harassment, often by restricting access or proximity to the protected party. 

违反禁止令构成藐视法庭，可处以罚金或者监禁。禁止令发布的目的是为了保护个人免受暴力、虐待或者骚扰，禁止令通常禁止（行为人）接近被保护者。

For example, courts have issued orders restraining anti abortion protesters from intruding into “buffer zones” around entrances to abortion clinics. Former first lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis obtained a restraining order against a particularly intrusive photographer, prohibiting him from coming within 25 yards of her or 30 yards of her children.

比如，法院曾经发布过禁止令，禁止反堕胎抗议者进入堕胎诊所入口周围的缓冲区内。一个很有攻击性的摄影师就因法院的禁止令而禁止靠近前第一夫人杰奎琳·肯尼迪25码或者靠近她的孩子30码。

图片来自网络

Restraining orders also are issued in cases of domestic violence to protect a spouse from harm or a child from abuse. In divorce proceedings courts may issue restraining orders to enjoin, for example, removing children from the jurisdiction, damaging or disposing of family property,or molesting a spouse or child.

家庭暴力的案件中也会发布禁止令，以保护（被家暴）妻子免受伤害或保护孩子免受虐待。在离婚诉讼中，法院可能会发布禁止令，禁止一方将孩子带离某辖区，禁止损坏或处置家庭财产，或禁止骚扰配偶或孩子。

Some states have enacted statutes giving courts authority to issue a form of restraining order called a personal protection order, or PPO.Issued on the petition of a present or former spouse or domestic partner, PPOs restrain the other party from conduct that would interfere with personal liberty or cause an apprehension of violence. 

一些州已经通过立法授予法院发布一种名为个人保护令的禁止令形式。个人保护令经现任/前任配偶或者家庭伴侣的请求而发布，该禁止令禁止行为人进行干涉他方个人自由或者引起会暴力恐慌的行为。

拓展

我国首部反家暴法《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》2016年3月1日起施行，首次建立了人身安全保护令制度。

当事人因遭受家庭暴力或者面临家庭暴力的现实危险，向人民法院申请人身安全保护令的，人民法院应当受理。人民法院应当在72小时内作出裁定，情况紧急的应当在24小时内作出。

人身安全保护令的保护范围可以包括申请人及其相关近亲属。

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